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Abstract

When I started thinking about what to write in this essay, my first thought was: I am probably from the country that was affected most of all by the events of 1998-1990. I am German, and I live in Germany, the country through which the East-West-divide went, most visibly through Berlin in form of the wall. But after a short time, I thought of the countries on which I concentrate most in my research—Russia and Ukraine, on the one hand, and Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the other hand. Thirty years ago, they all belonged to larger countries, which do not exist anymore, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. I do not want to enter a competition regarding which country was more affected, and whether the split of a larger country into smaller ones has a larger effect than the unification of two countries into one. What is important, however, is to note that in both cases of break-ups, war was involved: for the years 1991-1995 in former Yugoslavia, and on a lesser level, in different regions for different periods of time, in the former Soviet Union, most significantly in the war still going on in Eastern Ukraine.

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