Date of Award

2026

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

Department

School of Business

First Advisor

Dr. Timothy Veach

Second Advisor

Dr. Shawn Hussey

Third Advisor

Dr. Yeongjoon Yoon

Abstract

This study investigated relationships among the three factors of self-determination theory (SDT)—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—and Generation Z’s engagement with Industry 4.0 technologies and employee turnover intentions within the U.S. manufacturing sector. Specifically, it evaluated whether SDT factors and technology adoption differentially influence turnover intentions for Generation Z compared with other cohorts, while examining effects of specific technologies and their interaction with motivational variables. A quantitative research design employed survey methodology and random sampling of full-time manufacturing employees across the United States. Data were collected anonymously over a 2-week period using validated instruments, including the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction for Technology Use (BPN-TU) scale and the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6). Correlation and multiple regression analyses assessed relationships among SDT factors, technology adoption, generations, and turnover intentions, including interaction effects. Findings indicated that autonomy is the only significant predictor of turnover intentions, with higher perceived autonomy associated with reduced intent to leave. Contrary to expectations, generational differences were not significant, suggesting Generation Z does not differ meaningfully from other cohorts in motivational drivers of retention. While certain Industry 4.0 technologies were associated with motivational constructs, automation emerged as the only technology linked to lower turnover intentions. Notably, technology-related effects were more pronounced among non–Generation Z employees. These results challenge prevailing assumptions regarding generational distinctions and extend SDT by emphasizing autonomy as the primary determinant of retention within technologically evolving work environments.

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