Date of Award
2025
Document Type
Dissertation
Degree Name
Doctor of Education (EdD)
Department
School of Education
First Advisor
Dr. Jenelle Stone PhD
Second Advisor
Dr. Debby Espinor EdD
Abstract
This study compares the effects of classical and white noise background music, played during in-class work cycles for lower elementary students (grades 1-3) at a Montessori school in Pennsylvania. I aim to measure academic on-task engagement and overall classroom behavior. I will observe and record notes on their progress when there is no background sound, white noise, or classical music playing. Research has shown that introducing different sounds to the background of a classroom can positively affect student focus and retention of information (Levitin, 2006; Williams, 1961). Manipulation of sound or music played in the background can have a sizable effect on student success (Schwartz et al., 2017). On-task engagement and behavior in the classroom are greatly affected by environmental characteristics (Chen, 2023; Foran, 2009; Herman, 1996; Sacks, 2007; Schwartz et al., 2017). The larger context of student progress needing supplementary tools for learning exists not only in our school but in the entire academic realm.
Recommended Citation
Ellis, Lee, "Comparisons of the Effects of White Noise and Classical Background Music on Student On-Task Engagement During Work Cycles in a Lower-Elementary Montessori Class" (2025). Doctor of Education (EdD). 263.
https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/edd/263